Wash the chana dal thoroughly. Soak it in clean water for 20 minutes. Drain all the water from it and rinse the soaked dal in fresh water.
Set the Instant Pot in saute mode and add oil. Once it heats, add the cumin seeds and hing.
Once the cumin seeds begin to splutter, add onion, ginger, garlic, and green chili. Saute for 3-4 minutes, until the onions being to soften.
Add the tomato, coriander powder, chili powder, turmeric powder, salt, and sugar. Saute for 2 minutes.
Add the soaked dal and 3 cups of water. Give it a good stir.
Cancel saute mode and set the Instant Pot on pressure cook for 12 minutes. Do 10 minutes of NPR, then do a quick release remaining pressure.
Open the lid and add garam masala, cilantro, and lemon/lime juice. Mix well.
The dal can be served at this stage or you can make an extra tempering before serving.
To make the second tempering, heat one teaspoon of oil in a small pan. Add mustard seeds, cumin seeds, dried red chili, curry leaves, and chili powder. Mix well and saute for a few seconds.
Pour on the dal and serve hot.